# Mark Bernstein **Philosophical Strains** - **Structuralism** - we're on the verge of understanding some grand theoretical underpinning. - Otlet - Adler's Synopticon of the great books - **Existentialism** - You must make choices - You do not have full information - Your choices may not always be free - **Rejection of communitarianism** - "You can't always get what you want, but you might be able to get what you need." **Systems** - Object-oriented programming in 1963: Sketchpad - "Knowledge Representation is a bad framing for note-taking." - Inheritance - super tags - Doug Engelbart: eager for the singularity, superman (ubermensch) - NLS/Augment died - Host went extinct - David Durant - What will happen when your tool goes away. - Some systems go on forever. - Emacs - Org-mode - wrth taking a look - Extensible user interface - Terrifically powerful idea! - Take an editor and change it's commands - software as cult - Storyspace - Enabled inter-linked essays - "Architectonic writing" - A writing space in the map - Pick it up and move it! - Writing spaces have a title, and can contain writing space - Avoids automatic graph layout - Stays where you put it - Avoids much of the "not work" of premature sense-making - Treat writing as something physical - Trellis - Stories - "Petri-net based hypertext: Document structure with browsing semantics" **Standards and models** - Agents - Standards can stifle experimentation - A cambrian explosion - tiny screens! - 500x342 - 80x24 character displays were common - The ideas were a lot better than the screenshots - KMS: a distributing hypermedia systems for managing knowlege - Card-based system - card metaphor - No scrolling! - Card Sharks and Holy Scrollers - - Intermedia - VictorianWeb.org (context32) - Reading for english 32 class - Rhetoric: - Guide: Stretchtext - concerned with replacement - twine writers: https://twinery.org/ - Typed Links, Randy Trigg - "Link types don't actually work" - Microcosm - stored links in an external file - Sculptural Hypertext: - Marshall - Aquanet - and Frank Shipman - "A system to hold your ideas in place" - Cathy Marshall - did a ton of research - Trumpet-blast against formalism - "Formality considered harmful" - Instead of formal systems, build spatial hyperlinks, group things in space. - Spatial parser would come in and help organize / explain - Tinderbox was meant to be Tiny VIKI, but it turned into Tiny Aquanet - Spatial hypertext is a wonderful idea - "Can we talk about spatial hypertext?" - Diagrams - Gaudi - We thought this was gonna be super easy! - Maybe organic forms would be better than squares? - "pemature commitment is the enemy of all note-taking" - Good to know what didn't work and why. - Thoughtful tools! - Open Hypertext Systems? - microcosm Models aren't bad, but whether you've approached it top-down or bottom-up matters